نبذة مختصرة : Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles of mammalian cells with critical involvement in metabolism and signaling. Studying their regulation in pathological conditions may lead to the discovery of novel drugs to treat, for instance, cardiovascular or neurological diseases, which affect high-energy-consuming cells such as cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, or neurons. Mitochondria possess both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs, encoded by the mitochondria or the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial RNAs are involved in anterograde-retrograde communication between the nucleus and mitochondria and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Despite accumulating evidence on the presence and biogenesis of mitochondrial RNAs, their study continues to pose significant challenges. Currently, there are no standardized protocols and guidelines to conduct deep functional characterization and expression profiling of mitochondrial RNAs. To overcome major obstacles in this emerging field, the EU-CardioRNA and AtheroNET COST Action networks summarize currently available techniques and emphasize critical points that may constitute sources of variability and explain discrepancies between published results. Standardized methods and adherence to guidelines to quantify and study mitochondrial RNAs in normal and disease states will improve research outputs, their reproducibility, and translation potential to clinical application. ; Peer reviewed
Relation: This article is based upon work from COST Action EU-CardioRNA, CA17129, and COST Action AtheroNET, CA21153, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.J. is funded by the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions individual fellowship (grant agreement 893435 ). L.T.D. is funded by the Innovation Fund Denmark ( 1044-00139B ) and the Novo Nordisk Foundation ( NNF22OC0078203 ). Y.D. is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project COVIRNA (grant agreement 101016072 ), the National Research Fund (grant nos. C14/BM/8225223 , C17/BM/11613033 , and COVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVID ), the Ministry of Higher Education and Research , and the Heart Foundation-Daniel Wagner of Luxembourg . D.d.G.C. has received financial support from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet 2020: CP20/00041 ), co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) \u201CInvesting in your future.\u201D CIBERES is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This work is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( COV20/00110 ), co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) \u201CA way to make Europe.\u201D P.L. is funded by the Aarne Koskelo Foundation, The Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, The Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry, and the Finnish Foundation for Laboratory Medicine. K.F. is funded by the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland , grant no. DWM/WPC2/285/2020 and NCN Miniatura 5 2021/05/X/NZ3/01013 . This article is based upon work from COST Action EU-CardioRNA CA17129 ( www.cardiorna.eu ), and COST Action AtheroNET, CA21153 ( www.atheronet.eu) . This article is based upon work from COST Action EU-CardioRNA, CA17129, and COST Action AtheroNET, CA21153, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). A.J. is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions individual fellowship (grant agreement 893435). L.T.D. is funded by the Innovation Fund Denmark (1044-00139B) and the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF22OC0078203). Y.D. is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project COVIRNA (grant agreement 101016072), the National Research Fund (grant nos. C14/BM/8225223, C17/BM/11613033, and COVID-19/2020-1/14719577/miRCOVID), the Ministry of Higher Education and Research of Luxembourg, and the Heart Foundation-Daniel Wagner of Luxembourg. DdG-C has received financial support from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Miguel Servet 2020: CP20/00041), co-funded by the European Union. CIBERES (CB07/06/2008) is an initiative of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. P.L. is funded by the Aarne Koskelo Foundation, The Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, The Finnish Society of Clinical Chemistry, and the Finnish Foundation for Laboratory Medicine. K.F. is funded by the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, grant no. DWM/WPC2/285/2020 and NCN Miniatura 5 2021/05/X/NZ3/01013. P.F. and B.\u00C1. were funded by project no. RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 that has been implemented with the support provided by the European Union. The 2020-1.1.5-GYORS\u00CDT\u00D3S\u00C1V-2021-00011 project was funded by the Ministry for Innovation and Technology with support from the National Research Development and Innovation Fund under the 2020-1.1.5-GYORS\u00CDT\u00D3S\u00C1V call programme. This study was funded by the by grant 2020-1.1.6-J\u00D6V\u0150-2021-00013 (\u201CBefektet\u00E9s a j\u00F6v\u0151be\u201D NKFIH). This project has received funding from the HUN-REN Hungarian Research Network. A.J. and Y.D. conceptualized the outline of the manuscript. A.J. Z.E. and Y.D. critically revised the main manuscript draft. All authors participated in writing this article and approved it for publication. A.J. is employed by HAYA Therapeutics SA, Switzerland. Y.D. holds patents related to diagnostic and therapeutic applications of RNAs and is member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Firalis SA. P.F. is the founder and CEO of Pharmahungary Group, a group of research and development (R&D) companies (www.pharmahungary.com). B.\u00C1. is employed by Pharmahungary Group.; AtheroNET COST Action CA21153 , Jusic , A , Erpapazoglou , Z , Dalgaard , L T , Lakkisto , P & Devaux , Y 2024 , ' Guidelines for mitochondrial RNA analysis ' , Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids , vol. 35 , no. 3 , 102262 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102262; http://hdl.handle.net/10138/584714; fe6b60f3-1562-444e-a0bc-3a6af42ff600; 85198012146; 001277182300001
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