نبذة مختصرة : The species Salmonella enterica is one of the most prevalent human and animal pathogens, it includesNon Typhoïdal Salmonella (NTS) serovars like Typhimurium and Enteridis, that are generalist pathogenswith broad host specificity and Typhoïdal Salmonella (TS) serovars, like Typhi and Paratyphi A, that arespecialized pathogens strictly adapted to the human host and the cause of an invasive, dangerous diseaseknown as enteric (typhoid) fever [1,2,3].The SalHostTrop project aims at identifying, characterizing and understanding the human-restrictedtropism of Typhoidal Salmonella (TS) using comparative dual-RNAseq sequencing and othercomplementary approaches.We combine state of the art genome and transcriptome sequencing methods to decipher the molecularbasis of host-tropism in clinical strains. We contrast the comparative genomics and differential expressionanalyses to explore and assess the variability and plasticity of pathogenesis routes among and betweentyphoidal and non-typhoidal serovars.We present our on-going work including the Pacbio long-read genomic sequencing, assembly andannotation [4] of a new S. Typhi strain (120130191) and the dual RNAseq data analysis of a pilot experimentof S. Typhimurium and S. Paratyphi A during human epithelial cells infection. The new S. Typhi strainincludes one circularized complete chromosome and one plasmid of about 4.78 Mb with 4638 coding genesand 106.7 kb with 128 coding genes, respectively. The dual RNAseq pilot first analyses demonstrate thefeasibility of the protocol to target both pathogen and host transcripts simultaneously during infection. Wealso built a S. enterica subsp. enterica reference phylogenetic tree from the super-alignment of Salmonellacore genes in 214 complete genomes of various serotypes that is in agreement with previous studies and willbe used to explore pseudogene content of serotypes according to their evolutionary history
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