Development of a protocol for the use of virtual reality in the operating theatre in paediatric dentistry through a scoping review ; Élaboration d’un protocole d’utilisation de la réalité Virtuelle au bloc opératoire en odontologie pédiatrique au travers d’une revue de portée

Children that suffer from anxiety caused by dental care are often recommended the use of general anaesthesia. A poorly accompanied general anaesthesia treatment can induce postoperative side effects such as an increase in the intake of medication (analgesics, relaxants), nightmares or a change in behaviour. In order to reduce this pre-operative anxiety, different distraction techniques can be used such as films, games or virtual reality. Virtual reality allows the child to be immersed in a playful or meditation-like environment reducing both stress and anxiety. The objective of this work is to propose, following a review of the scope, a protocol for the use of virtual reality in the management of pre-operative anxiety before paediatric dental care under general anaesthesia. The keywords "Virtual reality" and "General Anesthesia" were used to search the Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase and Doss databases. A total of 363 articles were identified. After eliminating duplicates, 291 articles were analysed and 10 articles were included and read. Virtual reality seems to show promising results in reducing preoperative anxiety. To measure this effect, the authors used the Yale scale (m-YPAS). Some studies show failures when patients are younger than 4 years old or suffer from a strong disability. The helmet should therefore be used initially while waiting for induction. Future trials will need to clarify whether it is possible to keep it on until the child falls asleep. ; L’anesthésie générale en odontologie est indiquée chez les enfants présentant une anxiété importante vis-à-vis des soins dentaires au fauteuil. Une prise en charge sous anesthésie générale mal accompagnée peut induire des effets secondaires post-opératoires tel qu’une augmentation de la prise de médicaments (antalgiques, relaxants), des cauchemars ou un changement de comportement. Afin de réduire l’anxiété pré-opératoire, différentes techniques de distraction peuvent être utilisées telles que les films, les jeux ou la réalité virtuelle. La ...