LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING GENDER IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ; МОВНІ ЗАСОБИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ГЕНДЕРУ В АНГЛІЙСЬКІЙ МОВІ

The active study of gender began in the 1960s in countries such as the USA and Germany, from where it spread to other countries thanks to the flow of feminism. In Ukraine, the study of gender became more active from the mid-90s of the 20th century, but it did not have such a significant importance for society as it did abroad. The relevance of this work is due to the increased interest in the study of gender in the light of political correctness and tolerance. The object of the work is the linguistic means of gender expression that exist at the current stage of language development. The subject is the question of ways of expressing the gender of a noun in modern English. The purpose of the study of universal means of gender expression, the identification of features of the expression of gender in the modern English language, the analysis of changes in the expression of gender from the middle of the 20th century to today in the English language. The realization of this goal involves solving the following tasks: to define the notion of gender; to determine the universal characteristics of gender in the modern English language; to establish the linguistic means of expressing gender in modern English; to identify changes in the expression of gender in the English language, which occurred due to the current of political correctness from the middle of the 20th century until today. The research methods used are complex in nature. The work uses descriptive, comparative methods, the method of component analysis and the method of comparison. Gender is a very broad concept, but from the point of view of linguistics it has a clear meaning. Gender (usually masculine, feminine, neuter, common) of nouns and pronouns, which differ in the different endings have and require syntactically related words to them. Grammatical gender is usually very weakly related to natural gender differences. Beyond linguistics, gender has the broader meaning of social and cultural differences between men and women. The main indicators of gender in ...