Monitoring the ageing of an on-board lithium-ion batteries in railway use ; Suivi du vieillissement des batteries lithium embarquées, en usage ferroviaire

The classical electrical model of a cell considers it as a homogeneous whole With unique characteristics (resistance, capacitance). On the contrary, we consider that a cell can be subdivided into a certain number of volumes which are considered as homogeneous from the point of view of electrical properties. The modelling of a cell is then carried out by a set of electrical circuits, one per volume. Once this construction is completed, we seek to characterise each of the parameters of the electrical circuits by means of experimental measurements. A new method of determining the parameters for cells with a non-linear open circuit voltage is proposed, which makes possible to solve many of the difficulties encountered in our work and in previous ones. The variations of the parameters with temperature and current are also determined. A second determination, this time by optimization, allows to introduce a difference of the parameters values in order to model the heterogeneity. Experimental comparisons allow to validate the relevance of the heterogeneous model and its performances. The parameters modelling the heterogeneity are representative of the cell internals and the monitoring of these parameters during the life of the cell, and therefore its ageing, allows a diagnosis of the latter to be made. An application on a pack of two cells, one new and one artificially aged, allows a qualitative discrimination of the cells. This validates the potential of this representation as a diagnostic tool. ; Le modèle électrique classique d'une cellule considère celle-ci comme un ensemble homogène ayant des caractéristiques (résistance, capacités) uniques. Nous considérons au contraire qu'une cellule peut être subdivisés en un certains nombres de volumes qui sont eux considérés comme homogène d'un point de vue des propriétés électriques. La modélisation d'une cellule s'effectue alors par un ensemble de circuits électriques, à raison d'un par volume. Cette construction effectuée, nous cherchons à caractériser chacun des paramètres ...