Support from maritime surveillance data to the French Maritime Spatial Planning - AIS, VMS, Radar: Between technical potential and political constraints ; Contribution des données de surveillance maritime à la Planification de l’Espace Maritime français - AIS, VMS, Radar : Entre potentiels techniques et contraintes politiques

For more than ten years, Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) has been promoted as a promising approach to meet the challenges of sustainable development at sea. In Europe, it is subject to a framework directive (2014/89/EU) which requires coastal states to draw up marine spatial plans, of which the first versions are expected in 2021. Although the approaches vary from one State to another, the establishment of a precise knowledge base of the areas to be planned - regarding the environment, activities, and societies - appears to be a universal step. This geography thesis focuses on the potential and actual contributions of maritime surveillance data (AIS, VMS, radar, etc.) to this knowledge base in the context of planning in metropolitan France. It is based on a combination of a systematic review of scientific and regulatory literature, and a survey by semi-directive interviews conducted during 2019 with 40 stakeholders in the French MSP. After noting a minor contribution of monitoring data to the French planning process, the thesis highlights three main factors limiting the mobilisation of the latter, linked to the technical limitations of the systems, poor data circulation and a lack of acceptability on the part of certain stakeholders. Lastly, it calls for this observation to be seen as a reflection of the specific features of the French MSP and the difficulties it faces, particularly in terms of competition for space and distribution of powers in maritime governance. ; Depuis plus de dix ans, la Planification de l’Espace Maritime (PEM) est plébiscitée comme un principe organisateur à même de répondre aux enjeux du développement durable en mer. En Europe, elle fait l’objet d’une directive cadre (2014/89/UE) qui impose aux États-côtiers l’élaboration de plans dont les premières versions sont attendues pour cette année 2021. Si les approches varient selon les États, la constitution d’un socle de connaissance précis des espaces à planifier – au regard de l’environnement, des activités, des sociétés- apparait comme ...