نبذة مختصرة : This brief presents information on the transmissibility of blood-borne viruses via spitting or biting with a focus on their legal meaning and in the context of criminal and other laws which engage with this risk. Part One of this brief presents a top-level summary of the current clinical literature (2000–2023) regarding the transmissibility of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) via spitting and biting, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV). To supplement the summary, two tables derived from the Australasian Society for HIV, Viral Hepatitis and Sexual Health Medicine (ASHM) ‘Police and Blood-Borne Viruses’ guide are included at the end of Part One. Part Two presents some additional detail from a review of the scientific literature on the transmissibility of BBVs. The review examined existing clinical reviews, clinical studies and reports. This part provides further background information. Although data on spitting and biting are commonly combined, for the purpose of this section, spitting and biting are discussed separately.
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