Internationalization Practices of Private Higher Vocational Schools of Shandong Province from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative: A Review

The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly propelled the internationalization of higher education in China and countries along the BRI route. The growing demand in the international market for highly technical skills has compelled Chinese Higher Vocational Schools to engage with the global community through internationalization initiatives and programs. However, less attention is given to exploring the situation of private higher vocational schools in China, which have limited resources compared to state-managed vocational schools. This review aims to determine the current state of internationalization practices of private higher vocational schools in Shandong Province, China, from the perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative. By employing literature review, it aims to describe future research perspectives for the internationalization of private higher vocational schools in China. The review revealed a lack of literature describing the implementation of internationalization programs in vocational schools and a dearth of discussion on best practices that other universities can adopt in their internationalization programs. The results of the study establish a baseline for future researchers wishing to explore internationalization practices in the field of higher vocational education.