Contributors: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (OAB); Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF); Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM); Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica Santiago; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC); Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC); Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria Varese (Uninsubria); Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU); Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); University of Sheffield Sheffield; COBRA Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology; Aberystwyth University; AUTRES; Dark Cosmology Centre (DARK); Niels Bohr Institute Copenhagen (NBI); Faculty of Science Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH); Department of Physics Pittsburgh; Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh (CMU); United States Geological Survey Reston (USGS); Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Ljubljana (FMF); University of Ljubljana; Department of Physics Denver; University of Colorado Denver; Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM); Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University Rome (UNIROMA); Oskar Klein Centre Stockholm; Stockholm University; SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON); Astrophysics Research Centre Belfast (ARC); Queen's University Belfast (QUB); Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA); University of Turku; Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV); Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy (SUPA); University of Edinburgh (Edin.); Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy; Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI); Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos Argentine (UNER); Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica - Milano (IASF-MI); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari (OAC); Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE); Bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée; Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM); Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB); University College Dublin Dublin (UCD); INAF-IASF Milano; Università della Calabria Arcavacata di Rende, Italia = University of Calabria Italy = Université de Calabre Italie (UniCal); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC); Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI); National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington (NIWA); Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR); Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP); Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Minnesota System (UMN); INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD); Astronomical Observatory Warsaw; Faculty of Physics Warsaw (FUW); University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW); Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK); University of Amsterdam Amsterdam = Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA); Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institute of Astronomy Cambridge; University of Cambridge UK (CAM); Department of Physics and Astronomy Leicester; University of Leicester; UniVersity, Nano Science and Technology Program, Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong UniVersity of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST)
نبذة مختصرة : 52 pages, revised version now accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract abridged to meet arXiv requirements ; International audience ; On 2019 August 14, the LIGO and Virgo interferometers detected a high-significance event labelled S190814bv. Preliminary analysis of the GW data suggests that the event was likely due to the merger of a compact binary system formed by a BH and a NS. ElectromagNetic counterparts of GRAvitational wave sources at the VEry Large Telescope (ENGRAVE) collaboration members carried out an intensive multi-epoch, multi-instrument observational campaign to identify the possible optical/near infrared counterpart of the event. In addition, the ATLAS, GOTO, GRAWITA-VST, Pan-STARRS and VINROUGE projects also carried out a search on this event. Our observations allow us to place limits on the presence of any counterpart and discuss the implications for the kilonova (KN) possibly generated by this NS-BH merger, and for the strategy of future searches. Altogether, our observations allow us to exclude a KN with large ejecta mass $M\gtrsim 0.1\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ to a high ($>90\%$) confidence, and we can exclude much smaller masses in a subsample of our observations. This disfavours the tidal disruption of the neutron star during the merger. Despite the sensitive instruments involved in the campaign, given the distance of S190814bv we could not reach sufficiently deep limits to constrain a KN comparable in luminosity to AT 2017gfo on a large fraction of the localisation probability. This suggests that future (likely common) events at a few hundreds Mpc will be detected only by large facilities with both high sensitivity and large field of view. Galaxy-targeted observations can reach the needed depth over a relevant portion of the localisation probability with a smaller investment of resources, but the number of galaxies to be targeted in order to get a fairly complete coverage is large, even in the case of a localisation as good as that of this event.
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