Nanomaterials in electrochemical nanobiosensors of miRNAs

The nanomaterial-based biosensors have received significant attention due to their specific capabilities, mainly enhanced sensitivity. Recent advancements have highlighted the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. Current diagnostics methods, however, need to improve in their measurement, mainly due to their low concentration levels in the body. The lower limit of detection of nanomaterial-based biosensors has turned them into powerful tools for detecting and quantifying these biomarkers. Here, we assemble an overview of recent evolutions in using different nanomaterials and nanostructures in the miRNA electrochemical biosensing platforms, along with their pros and cons. The techniques are categorized based on the nanomaterial used.