First Report of Little Cherry Virus 1 Infecting Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in Africa

peer reviewed ; Little cherry disease (LChD) is an important viral disease of many stone fruit species (Prunus spp.), sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) being the most common host. It is associated with two different virus species belonging to the family Closteroviridae, namely, Little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1, Velarivirus) and Little cherry virus 2 (LChV-2, Ampelovirus). The impact of LChD on sweet cherry production consists in the decrease of yield and fruit quality, which is mainly associated with LChV-2, whereas most of LChV-1 reported infections remain associated with an unclear etiology. Other stone fruit species, such as peach and plum, hosting LChV-1 have been reported (Matic et al. 2007; Šafářová et al. 2017). LChV-1 is mainly transmitted through propagation of infected plant material, and no vector transmission is known (Jelkmann and Eastwell 2011). In 2018, during the early vegetative season, a limited survey was carried out for virus detection in apricot and sweet cherry orchards in the main southern Moroccan stone fruit-producing regions of Agadir, Agdez, and Dayat Aoua. Two sweet cherry trees (P. avium ‘Coeur de Pigeon’ and ‘Bigarreau’) and three apricot trees (Prunus armeniaca L.), all asymptomatic, were sampled (five branches with leaves) from three different orchards. RNA was extracted (both leaves and cambial scrapings) using the Spectrum Plant Total RNA kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Belgium), prior to cDNA synthesis using the iScript Reverse Transcription Kit (Bio-Rad, Belgium). LChV-1 detection was done by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) using the specific primers LCUW7090 (5′-GGTTGTCCTCGGTTGATTAC-3′)/LCUWc7389 (5′-GGCTTGGTTCCATACATCTC-3′) (Bajet et al. 2008), amplifying a 300-bp fragment spanning the ORF1b encoding the RdRp gene, and 1LC_12776F (5′-TCAAGAAAAGTTCTGGTGTGC-3′)/1LC_13223R (5′-CGAGCTAGACGTATCAGTATC-3′) (Glasa et al. 2015), targeting a 456-bp fragment of the CP gene. LChV-2 specific primers were used according to Eastwell and Bernardy (2001). RT-PCR results revealed the presence of LChV-1 in ...