БИОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ХОДЬБЫ У ДЕТЕЙ С ВРОЖДЕННЫМИ РАССТРОЙСТВАМИ ЛОКОМОЦИЙ

Показано, что основными отличиями динамического стереотипа ходьбы по ровной поверхности у детей, больных ДЦП, являются задержка перемещения ОЦТ вперед (оно происходит во вторую половину шага) и дезорганизация движений нижних конечностей (особенно колена) в вертикальной плоскости. Изменение структуры движения плечевого пояса и верхних конечностей можно рассматривать как компенсаторные вертикальные перемещения плеча подстраиваются под движения ОЦТ, оставаясь в противофазе к последним. Происходит рассогласование движений локтя и запястья. Выявленные биомеханические особенности ходьбы у детей, страдающих ДЦП, могут послужить основой для разработки программ реабилитации. ; Peculiarities of biomechanical characteristics of the gait of children with congenital locomotion disorders by example of cerebral palsy were studied. The obtained results allow identifying the main differences in the dynamic stereotype of walk on a horizontal surface for children with cerebral palsy. Dynamics of the angles in the joints of the lower limbs did not differ qualitatively. The angle of hip flexion for patients with cerebral palsy was slightly higher. However, by the speed and direction of body parts movement marked differences were observed. The common center of gravity of healthy child moved forward and upwards predominantly in the first half of the step. Sick children began to move downwards, the main move forward occurred in the second phase of the step and was accompanied by some going upwards. Marked differences between healthy children and those suffering from cerebral palsy were found in the upper limbs. First of all, children with disorders have larger values of the angles of the shoulder joint and smaller -in the elbow joint during the step. The horizontal movement of the shoulder did not differ significantly. At the same time, the vertical movements were opposite. Healthy children started the step with moving the shoulder down, then during the step the shoulder moved up, and in the final phase it lowered again. Sick children, ...