Introduction to Quantum Technology ...

This working paper provides a brief introduction to quantum technology as an emerging technology in the military and security area. Quantum technology is very promising for military and security-relevant applications; the major areas are quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum sensing, cryptoanalysis and quantum imaging. The four key concepts are quantum bits, superposition, entanglement and decoherence. The basic element is the quantum bit (qubit) where small particles are utilized for more variability, e.g., the spin of electrons, which can be used for faster calculations. Superposition means that quantum systems exist in two or more states simultaneously, i.e., like a spinning coin that could still land on either of both sides. But these systems are very sensitive and an interaction with the environment can result in loss of superposition, the decoherence. Therefore, quantum computers may need extreme cooling, special materials, good isolation from environment etc. which makes them difficult to ...