Efeitos distributivos das políticas sociais: a focalização da política de saúde por mesorregiões de Minas Gerais a partir da Pesquisa por Amostra de Domicílios (PAD-MG)

The situation of inequality that persists in Brazilian society must be considered in studies of social policies. In Brazil, despite the advances, remains with high levels of inequality. Inequalities in health, in turn, occur due to environmental and demographic determinants and are presented as one of the major social problems in the country. In this context, the Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS) was structured in accordance with the principles of decentralization, integral care and community participation, as well as equal and universal access to health care and services, without hindrance or limitations. However, despite three decades of its creation, the Brazil’s Unified Health System has difficulties to materialize the social rights enshrined in the Constitution of universal access to health presenting, in fact, as a focused policy. In this context, this dissertation sought to observe the distributive aspect of health policy, especially regarding the access and provision of services to the population belonging to the lower income groups for the mesoregions of Minas Gerais, as well as private spending for access to health goods and services in Minas Gerais and state mesoregions through the degree of targeting of access and expenditures using the Household Sample Survey of Minas Gerais for the years 2009, 2011 and 2013. The results suggest a high level of latent inequality in the population of Minas Gerais, especially among mesoregions. The greater access to public health services observed for the lower tenths of income demonstrates that the same is focused, especially in the more developed regions. However, it also shows that the distributive effect of health policy does not occur as expected, since the poorest regions are the ones that most perform direct disbursement for access to health products and services, despite access to health care of Brazil’s Unified Health System and have low health insurance coverage. ; A situação de desigualdade que perdura na sociedade brasileira deve ser considerada nos ...