The opening of medically assisted procreation to female couples: study of societal changes leading to the revision of the bioethics law of August 2, 2021 ; L'ouverture de l’assistance médicale à la procréation aux couples de femmes : étude des évolutions sociétales ayant abouti à la révision de la loi de bioéthique du 2 août 2021 : revue de la littérature

Background: The first bioethics law, voted in July 1994, provides a framework for the methods of MPA by targeting their indications, reflecting the social norms of the time. Access to MPA was reserved for heterosexual couples whose infertility had been medically diagnosed. Little by little, the law has evolved through various revisions until, in 2021, it was decided to open up access to MPA to women's couples. Objective: To determine the impact of sociological changes that have allowed the opening of AMP to female couples in France. Material and methods: Review of the literature. 8 publications were selected and analyzed. Results: This legislative advance has been made possible by the transformations of family units during the 20th and 21st centuries with the varied family landscapes that make up our society. In addition to this, there has been an advance in the rights of same-sex couples, notably with the opening of marriage to these couples in 2013, as well as the demand for equality in the face of the possibilities of access to AMP offered in most European countries. Conclusion: The opening of MPA to women's couples is the result of an evolution of social norms over the last few decades despite numerous debates and oppositions. This has required a valorisation of the family whatever its composition, an acceptance of the possibility of founding a family within a homosexual couple and the suppression of the medical character of AMP which led to a phenomenon of procreative tourism not accessible to all those who wished it. From now on, access to AMP is based on a "parental project". ; Introduction : la première loi de bioéthique, votée en juillet 1994 encadre les méthodes d’AMP en ciblant leurs indications, reflétant les normes sociales de l’époque. L’accès à l’AMP est réservé aux couples hétérosexuels dont l’infertilité a été médicalement diagnostiquée. Peu à peu, la loi a évolué au travers de différentes révisions jusqu’à aboutir, en 2021, à l’ouverture de l’AMP aux couples de femmes. Objectif : déterminer ...