Models in science education until the end of the 20th century: contributions to their use in teaching Geosciences

The aim of this paper is to discuss the importance of models in science education, with an emphasis on teaching Geosciences. Based on the literature, selected for convenience up to the end of the 20th century, the relevance of models as tools for understanding complex concepts and their application is explored. The need to understand students' alternative conceptions before introducing a model is highlighted, as well as the importance of clearly demarcating the boundaries between the model, the source of the model and the reality represented by the model. In addition, different types of models are discussed, their appropriate use in the educational context and the importance of a critical approach to models. The relevance of models as instruments for developing students' knowledge, skills and attitudes is emphasized, highlighting the need to use them in a justified and judicious manner.