Progressive damage analysis of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact using 2D layer-wise structural models

The present work deals with the progressive damage analysis of composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact. We develop a numerical model using higher-order structural theories based on the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) with Lagrange polynomials and resulting in a 2D refined layer-wise model. To model damage, we use a combination of the continuum damage-based CODAM2 intralaminar damage model to account for fibre and matrix damage within the ply, and cohesive elements to account for delamination between successive composite plies. We carry out numerical assessments for the case of a linear elastic composite plate subjected to impact, to compare the current framework with standard approaches based on 3D finite element (FE) analysis. We, then, consider the elastoplastic analysis of a bimetallic laminated plate to compare the performance of the proposed layer-wise model and 3D-FE approaches, for the case of nonlinear impact analysis. The final assessment considers progressive damage due to low-velocity impact, and the results are compared with available literature data. The numerical predictions show a good correlation with reference experimental and simulation results, thus validating the current framework for impact analysis of composite structures. Comparisons of the proposed layer-wise structural models with those based on 3D finite elements demonstrate the improved computational efficiency of the CUF models in terms of model size and analysis time.