Diagnóstico y caracterización clínica del Toxoplasma gondii mediante técnicas de inmunoensayo

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis, this is a disease that affects approximately one third of the population; The majority of infected people do not present symptoms, but in the case of pregnant women or immunosuppressed patients, it can cause serious complications, including the death of the patient, as it is not diagnosed and treated in time. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to specify the diagnosis and clinical characterization of Toxoplasma gondii through immunoassay techniques. This research was based on a descriptive study of a non-experimental, cross-sectional and retrospective documentary design. The population is made up of 74 bibliographic references and 50 publications from different databases were selected applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Through the analysis and discussion of scientific articles, it was concluded that the main causes for an individual to become infected with toxoplasmosis is by having contact with cats, consuming raw or poorly cooked food, drinking water directly from the tap, not washing hands and food before eating. Among the main clinical manifestations in patients with toxoplasmosis are headache, blindness, abortions, hydrocephalus, micro or macrocephaly and mental retardation. And the people with the highest seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis are HIV-positive patients, blood donors and pregnant women. Among the different immunoassays that exist for the diagnosis of toxoplasma gondii, the most used method is ELISA, followed by the IgG Avidity Test, Indirect Immunofluorescence and Chemiluminescence. ; RESUMEN: Toxoplasma gondii es un protozoo intracelular que causa la toxoplasmosis, esta es una enfermedad que afecta a un tercio aproximadamente de la población; la mayoría de las personas infectadas no presentan síntomas, pero en el caso de las mujeres embarazadas o pacientes inmunodeprimidas puede ocasionar graves complicaciones incluso la muerte del paciente, al no ser diagnosticada y tratada a tiempo. Por lo ...