Off-Label Use of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for the Successful Treatment of Healthcare-Associated Meningitis Caused by Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Polytraumatized Patient—A Case Report

Background: Hospital-acquired infections with extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) have become a worrisome concern because of unfavorable outcomes and limited antimicrobial treatment options. Studies with new antimicrobial substances against XDR-PA show very promising results in different infection types, but the data for central nervous system (CNS) infections are scarce. Case presentation: Here, we report the case of a young patient with healthcare-associated meningitis caused by XDR-PA following severe craniocerebral injury. An off-label use of high-dose ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) monotherapy was administered for 10 days in parallel with source-controlling measures. Clinical and microbial recovery could be accomplished promptly. Conclusion: In patients with hospital-acquired CNS infections due to XDR-PA, C/T might be a new, safe and effective alternative with fewer adverse effects compared to older polymyxin- or aminoglycoside-based regimens.