A revolução na prática clínica: O impacto da Inteligência Artificial (IA) nas aplicações radiológicas e diagnóstico médico

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been gaining prominence in recent years in the most diverse areas (engineering, health, economics, among others), and has generated a lot of discussion about ethical and technological use. In the health sector, it already has numerous applications, associated with engineering and data science. Therefore, aiming for a more generalized understanding of the use of AI, emphasizing the area of radiology, this work proposes a bibliographical review to survey the main AI techniques and applications, in order to identify and discuss possible ethical implications and reliability of these technological tools. The results obtained provide a comprehensive view of the applications of AI in medical diagnosis and clinical assessments, highlighting its relevance in radiology. The emphasis is on its contribution to improving diagnostic accuracy, as evidenced by several studies that highlight its promising role. Notably, advanced Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing techniques emerge as fundamental pillars in this scenario. The range of methods employed comprises, for example, custom machine learning algorithms, specialized deep neural networks and natural language processing models adapted to the complexities of the radiological field. Future perspectives point to significant advances and transformations in clinical practice, enabling early detection of diseases and personalization of treatments. However, challenges such as ensuring data privacy need to be addressed for more effective adoption. Important ethical implications were raised, as protecting patient privacy and responsibility in the development and use of AI systems are crucial aspects. The need for appropriate regulations and dialogue between healthcare professionals is highlighted to ensure the ethical and responsible use of AI in medical diagnosis. ; A utilização da Inteligência Artificial (IA) vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos nas mais diversas áreas (engenharia, saúde, economia, entre ...