BULLYING E CYBERBULLYING NOS CURRÍCULOS DE REFERÊNCIA DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS: CONFLITOS E VIOLÊNCIAS SOB A PERSPECTIVA DAS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS

Bullying is considered “systematic intimidation” by Law nº 13.185/2015 and article. 5 determines the duty of educational establishments to combat bullying hence its unequivocal articulation with the curriculum. The objective of this research was to investigate whether the Reference Curriculum of the Federative Units of Brazil (RCFUB) contemplates the themes of bullying and cyberbullying, how these themes are treated in the curriculum and if the proposals present in the curriculum are implemented through actions, projects and programs, that is, they constitute educational policies. This documentary research, with a qualitative approach (Lüdke; André, 2020), had three stages: bibliographical, exploratory and analysis of results. The theoretical bases of the research covered the works of Saviani (2015; 2016; 2019; 2021), Libâneo, Oliveira e Toschi (2018) and Gramsci (2007), compatible with the adopted method, historical-dialectical materialism. The time frame of the study covered the period from 2016 to 2022, as compliance with the legislation came into effect in 2016 and the BNCC was under construction. The study was directed to elementary schools, since the author works in this segment and noticed the increase in cases of bullying/cyberbullying over time, mainly, during the pandemic (COVID-19) that started in 2020, when students who had internet access increased the amount of time using their electronic devices, both for entertainment and for school study, which varied between synchronous, asynchronous or hybrid. For the analysis, Bardin's Content Analysis (2016) was used. The bibliographical part allowed us to identify that most students had already witnessed violence at school, including bullying and cyberbullying. Of the works analyzed (51), most (43.1%) investigated the identification of the presence of bullying/cyberbullying at school, 37.3% investigated interventions to combat school bullying/cyberbullying. Of the one hundred and seven state laws from several different secretariats (health, safety, social ...