Contributors: Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR); École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE); Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laboratoire Cogitamus = Cogitamus Laboratory; Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN); Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES); Virulence bactérienne précoce : fonctions cellulaires et contrôle de l'infection aiguë et subaiguë; Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA); Centre National de référence des Borrelia (CNR); Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS); Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER); Evidence synthesis consultant, Collaboration for Environmental Evidence; Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD Occitanie )-Université de Montpellier (UM); Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA); VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Écologie et Émergence des Pathogènes Transmis par les Arthropodes / Ecology and Emergence of Arthropod-borne Pathogens; Institut Pasteur Paris (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); This work is issued from a scientific report commanded by of the Direction Générale de la Santé (Ministry of Health) to ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) who delegated through a research and development agreement to the École nationale vétérinaire d’Alfort (national veterinary School of Alfort) and allocated funds to hire GP for a 13 months postdoc contract (the complete report in French is available at: https://hal-anses.archives-ouvertes.fr/anses-03263410).
نبذة مختصرة : Prepint version 1 of this article has been peer-reviewed and recommended by PCI Infections: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.infections.100076 (Santos 2023) ; International audience ; The tick Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector species of infectious diseases in European France. Understanding its distribution, phenology, and host species use, along with the distribution and prevalence of associated pathogens at a national scale is essential for developing prevention strategies. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic map and narrative review of the existing knowledge on the eco-epidemiology of I. ricinus in France. Using literature published up to 2020, the present paper provides a distribution map for the species and a summary of environmental factors explaining observed geographical differences in phenology and temporal differences in abundance. The diversity of vertebrate host species used by this tick, along with their degree of infestation when available, are presented and discussed with respect to their potential contribution to the population dynamics of I. ricinus and the circulation of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens. Prevalence data of detected pathogens are summarised in different maps. Results from 187 identified references show that the species is present in most departments, but scarce under Mediterranean climates and in coastal habitats. Its phenology is generally bimodal with climate-associated variations. Abundance seems positively influenced by forest cover and host abundance. Rodents and ruminants are the most studied species groups, but the diversity of sampling protocols (e.g., location, season, exhaustivity of inspection) precluded direct comparisons between groups. Data on pathogens are patchy, with most studies conducted near research laboratories. Among pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is the most examined and seems most prevalent in northeastern and central France. The review highlights the gaps in our knowledge of tick-host-pathogen interactions, their ecologies ...
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