نبذة مختصرة : Background: Subjective and objective cognitive dysfunction are reported after COVID-19 but with limited data on their congruence and associations with the severity of the acute disease. The aim of this cohort study is to describe the prevalence of subjective and objective cognitive dysfunction at three and six months after COVID-19 and the associations of subjective cognitive symptoms and psychological and disease-related factors. Methods: We assessed a cohort of 184 patients at three and six months after COVID-19: 82 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 53 admitted to regular hospital wards, and 49 isolated at home. A non-COVID control group of 53 individuals was included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Subjective cognitive symptoms, objective cognitive impairment, and depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed. Results: At six months, subjective cognitive impairment was reported by 32.3% of ICU-treated, 37.3% of ward-treated, and 33.3% of home-isolated patients and objective cognitive impairment was observed in 36.1% of ICU-treated, 34.7% of ward-treated, and 8.9% of home-isolated patients. Subjective cognitive symptoms were associated with depressive and PTSD symptoms and female sex, but not with objective cognitive assessment or hospital metrics. Conclusions: One-third of COVID-19 patients, regardless of the acute disease severity, reported high levels of subjective cognitive dysfunction which was not associated with results from objective cognitive screening but with psychological and demographic factors. Our study stresses the importance of thorough assessment of patients reporting long-term subjective symptoms, screening for underlying mental health related factors such as PTSD or depression. ; Peer reviewed
Relation: This work was supported by Helsinki University Hospital government funding for university level research ( TYH2021310 ) and Nordforsk. R. Pihlaja was supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grant number 00220808 ), Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and the Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital. No other disclosures are reported. The sources of funding had no role in study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. Open access funded by Helsinki University Library. This work was supported by Helsinki University Hospital government funding for university level research (TYH2021310) and Nordforsk. R. Pihlaja was supported by the Finnish Cultural Foundation (grant number 00220808), Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital and the Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital. No other disclosures are reported. The sources of funding had no role in study design, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, the writing of the report, and the decision to submit the article for publication. Open access funded by Helsinki University Library.The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Riikka Pihlaja reports financial support was provided by Finnish Cultural Foundation. Riikka Pihlaja reports financial support was provided by HUS Helsinki University Hospital. All authors report financial support was provided by Nordforsk. All authors report financial support was provided by Helsinki University Hospital. Johanna Hastbacka reports a relationship with Paion AG that includes: consulting or advisory.; Pihlaja , R E , Kauhanen , L-L S , Ollila , H S , Tuulio-Henriksson , A S , Koskinen , S K , Tiainen , M , Salmela , V R , Hästbacka , J & Hokkanen , L S 2023 , ' Associations of subjective and objective cognitive functioning after COVID-19 : A six-month follow-up of ICU, ward, and home-isolated patients ' , Brain, behavior, & immunity. Health , vol. 27 , 100587 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100587; ORCID: /0000-0001-8342-9248/work/130600714; ORCID: /0000-0002-3580-3693/work/130602873; ORCID: /0000-0002-3453-5084/work/130604608; ORCID: /0000-0002-3613-7231/work/130604625; ORCID: /0000-0001-7218-5321/work/130606230; http://hdl.handle.net/10138/355711; e21a2b1e-d4e8-4ff6-b6cf-03b5595286c1; 85146072168; 001058780000001
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