نبذة مختصرة : With the invention of high-resolution atomic force scanning probe microscopes, new opportunities have emerged to analyze changes at the molecular level of the structural organization of life that occur during the pathological processes development and are their fundamental basis. The results of the research into the molecular mechanisms of the onset and development of many pathologies have contributed to the search for new therapeutic targets, the development of new strategies and approaches to treatment. It has become possible to detect many gene, genomic, and epigenomic disorders, which are almost always accompanied by quantitative and/or qualitative defects in the final products of expression (of proteins), and therefore the need to replace such defective products for treatment purposes has arisen. Unlike traditional methods of molecular biology, modern gene synthesis technologies allow obtaining almost any DNA structure, saving time and resources. Synthetic products are characterized by a higher level of expression, greater stability and quality, since they undergo strict control by complete sequencing of the final products with almost 100% readability of the designed sequences. The high quality of final protein products is of particular importance for pharmaceutical biotechnology, as it allows obtaining high-quality and high-affinity substrates, such as insulin analogs with an adjustable duration of action profile, human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, somatotropin hormone analogs, etc.In order to obtain the expression products of engineered genes, native protein expression vector systems are used, which transfer information according to the “DNA-RNA-protein” scheme. The use of protein expression vector systems allows to adjust the production of large volumes of protein structure pharmaceutical preparations with a predetermined structure by modifying the genetic apparatus of producer microorganisms, which is not accompanied by special requirements for cultivation and allows to significantly reduce ...
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