Development and validation of a three-dimensional and dynamic thermo-aeraulic building model for the study of complex indoor thermal environments ; Développement et validation d’une modélisation thermo-aéraulique tridimensionnelle et dynamique du bâtiment pour l’étude des environnements thermiques intérieurs complexes

With the ongoing climate change and the increasing frequency and intensity of heat waves, as typically in France, the issue of summer thermal comfort becomes central for buildings design and refurbishment, especially in cities. The study of thermal comfort in complex indoor thermal environments, involving dynamic and local radiative and convective phenomena, requires building thermal simulation tools able to take into account this physical complexity and to produce reliable and adapted data. Thus, in order to study in detail the different phenomena involved, this thesis proposes the development and validation of a thermo-aero-radiative room model based on dynamic and three-dimensional BES (Building Energy Simulation), CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based on Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM), and finally the coupling of these two approaches. In a first step, the developed BES model, able to localize the sun patch on the interior surfaces and to take into account the radiative multi-reflections, has been validated following a confrontation with measurements in real conditions carried out in a passive solar room (BESTlab configuration of EDF R&D). The results show residuals lower than 4°C and average errors around 0.6°C on the indoor surface temperatures. The application of the BES model to the study of a phase change material in the same room has shown that the latent energy storage is mainly in the parts of the wall exposed to the sun (sun patch), which cannot be predicted by the commonly used codes. In a second step, the adopted LBM-LES modelling adopted was confronted with a large experimental dataset on a full-scale test room (MINIBAT) equipped with mechanical ventilation, involving turbulent (Re∼10^4), axisymmetric and anisothermal jets developing near the ceiling. Particular attention was paid to the dynamic and thermal near wall treatment in order to adapt the models to indoor airflows. The results show a good agreement between the mean velocity and temperature ...