Multilateral regulation of subsidies and its application with regard to the evolution of the concept of sustainable development ; La règlementation multilatérale des subventions et son application au regard de l'évolution du concept du développement durable

The resurgence of interest in industrial policy in the wake of the 2009 financial crisis coupled with the growing recognition of the need to steer economies towards more sustainable development pathways (green industrial policy ) has recast the light on the relationship between multilateral trade rules and the use of subsidies to address sustainable development externalities. The large amounts of government support prov ided to "build back better from COVID-19 has reinforced the importance of the discussion. The relationship between WTO rules and trade measures adopted for sustainable development objectives has evolved significantly over the years as the trade, development and environment regimes have undergone substantial developments. As a result, the concept of sustainable development and environmental protection have been integrated among the key objectives of the multilateral trading system, providing ample scope for the adoption of trade-restrielive regulatory and tax measures. However, the application of subsidies disciplines to support programmes adopted for sustainable development purposes has only very recently started to be explored in practice, with important, albeit complex implications. With the pressing need for an deep economic shift to address climate change, biodiversity loss and other sustainable development goals, identifying and addressing the theoretical and legal shortcomings of the present trade regulation applicable to subsidies becomes a matter of urgency to avoid inefficient and unproductive trade tensions. ; Le regain d'intérêt pour la politique industrielle à la suite de la crise financière de 2009, couplé à la reconnaissance croissante de la nécessité d'orienter les économies vers des voies de développement plus durables a remanié la lumière sur la relation entre les règles commerciales multilatérales et l'utilisation de subventions pour pallier des externalités environnementales négatives. Le large soutien gouvernemental fourni pour « reconstruire en mieux » après le COVID-19 ...