Elaborating the landscape to inhabit it, the case of agroforestry farmers ; Élaborer le paysage pour l'habiter, le cas des agriculteurs agroforestiers

Today, landscape is understood as a relational modality - between an individual and his or her environment - extending to the whole territory and population (European Landscape Convention, 2000). It is an "ordinary landscape" which everyone should both enjoy and be responsible for. What is it made of, how does the inhabitant live it and manage it? Who is in a position to act intentionally on their everyday landscape? We were interested in the farmers involved in aligned intra-plot agroforestry. Encouraged by the Common Agricultural Policy and by certain territories, this practice introduces trees into pasture and cultivation plots. If so few farmers engage in it, what are the motivations of those who do? Our comprehensive survey work conducted in south-western France has brought to light original processes of landscape design on farms. The landscape force of agroforestry (plastic, symbolic and semantic) is mobilised by each farmer in the service of his landscape project. By constructing a transdisciplinary, plural and renewable methodology (conversational visit, collection of landscape monographs, cinematographic essay), we have been able to highlight the breeding ground of the elaboration process and to establish a typology crossing the characteristics of the farmers and their landscape practice. The farmer composes his living and working place from different landscape strata, sedimented during his life trajectory and through the practice of his profession (sensitive experiences, social and imaginary representations). His action is primarily based on his landscape relationship, in its ecological, social, political, identity, heritage, poetic and material dimensions, which he weaves with his surroundings. He elaborates the landscape in order to inhabit and invest the place of his existence, developing an original way of making the landscape. ; Le paysage est entendu aujourd’hui comme une modalité relationnelle - entre un individu et son environnement - s’étendant à l’ensemble du territoire et de la population ...