Contributors: University College of London London (UCL); School of Archaeology and Museology; Peking University Beijing; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research; University of Cambridge UK (CAM); Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Université de Montpellier (UM); Palynology and Paleobotany Laboratory, Life Sciences Department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); ARCO Cooperativa di Ricerche Archeobiologiche; Institut d'Archéologie et d'Ethnographie de l' Académie des Sciences d'Arménie; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC); Universitat de València (UV); Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM); Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Max-Planck-Institut; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Bar-Ilan University Israël; Departments of Archaeology York (BioArch); University of York York, UK; M.I.G.C. is funded by the Government of the Basque Country (POS_2020_1_0006, IT1442-22) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-112506GB-C41). N.P. is funded by a Doc- toral Fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and studentships from the Faculty of Classics and Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic, University of Cambridge. D.F. is funded by a Marie S. Curie International Fellowship (Project CroProLITE, no. 101025677).
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; So-called ‘forgotten’ or ‘orphan’ crops are an important component of strategies aimed at preserving and promoting biodiversity. Knowledge of historical cultivation, usage, and geographic and evolutionary trajectories of plants, that is, crop history research, is important for the long-term success of such efforts. However, research biases in the crops chosen for study may present hurdles. This review attempts to systematically identify patterns in crop species representativeness within archaeology-based crop history research. A meta-analysis and synthesis of archaeo- botanical evidence (and lack thereof) is presented for 268 species known to have been cultivated for food prior to 1492 CE from the Mediterranean region to South Asia. We identified 39 genera with known crop plants in this geographical and histor- ical context that are currently absent from its archaeobotanical record, constituting ‘orphan’ crops of archaeobotany. In addition, a worldwide synthesis of crop species studied using geometric morphometric, archaeogenetic and stable isotope analyses of archaeological plant remains is presented, and biases in the species represented in these disciplines are discussed. Both disciplinary methodological biases and economic agenda-based biases affecting species representativeness in crop history research are apparent. This study also highlights the limited geographic diffusion of most crops and the potential for deeper historical perspectives on how crops become marginal- ized and ‘forgotten’. ; L'agrobiodiversité est un puissant levier d'action de l'agriculture durable à l'échelle mondiale. La culture, la conservation et la réintroduction de diverses espèces végétales, y compris les cultures ‘oubliées’ et ‘sous-utilisées’, contribuent à l'agrobiodiversité mondiale, aux écosystèmes vivants et à la production alimentaire durable. Ces actions bénéficient des connaissances traditionnelles et historiques des trajectoires évolutives et culturelles des plantes cultivées. Cette étude ...
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