Fig. S4d. Distribution of non-reference allele frequencies (NRAFs) in Plasmodium falciparum parasites collected in Kilifi, Kenya, between 1994 and 2018.

NRAFs were computed for variants at 98 positions distributed across the genomes of 1142 parasites. Each plot shows the temporal distribution of the NRAFs of an individual SNP, with the plot title indicating the chromosome number and position of the SNP in the Pf3D7 reference genome. Years of sample collection are presented on the x-axis and the NRAFs are presented on the y-axis of each plot. Significance of the observed temporal trends were tested using simple linear regression, and p values are indicated in red. None of the p values were significant after adjusting for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction method.