نبذة مختصرة : The Gironde estuary shows frequent events of hypoxia, particularly during summer in the Garonne tidal river near the city of Bordeaux, in the presence of a dense turbidity maximum, when river discharge is low and water is warm. Field observations reveal that decreases in oxygen concentrations are linked to the combination natural processes (inputs from the watershed and sediment hydrodynamics) and anthropogenic processes (loads of partially treated urban waters). In order to quantify the mechanisms controlling the temporal and spatial variations of dissolved oxygen, a 3D biogeochemical model was coupled to the hydro-sedimentary model. It allowed simulate the transport of solutes and suspended material, the biological reactions consuming oxygen, and the re-aeration by the atmosphere. The biogeochemical model reproduces satisfactorily the seasonal and neap-spring time scale variations of dissolved oxygen around the city of Bordeaux and quantifies the relative contribution of urban and watershed inputs to oxygen consumption. When used to simulate future conditions (50 years), the model indicates that summer hypoxia will likely increase in the future, due to the increase in water temperatures and decrease in river discharge (droughts), and increase in population in the megacity of Bordeaux. Simulation of different management scenarios indicate that support for low-water river discharge, improvement of waste water treatments, and eventually a displacement of urban load downstream will be necessary in order to avoid a drastic alteration of the quality of the aquatic system. ; L’estuaire de la Gironde est sujet à des épisodes d’hypoxie très marqués en été dans la Garonne estuarienne autour de Bordeaux, lorsque le bouchon vaseux y est très concentré, le débit fluvial faible et la température élevée. Les observations indiquent que la diminution des concentrations en oxygène est liée à la combinaison des facteurs naturels (apports par le bassin versant et hydrodynamique sédimentaire) et anthropiques (rejets d’eaux ...
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