Theoretical Estimation of Energy Balance Components in Water Networks for Top-Down Approach

The energy balance calculation for pressurized water networks is an important step in assessing the energy efficiency of water distribution systems. However, the calculation generally requires mathematical modelling of the water networks to estimate three important energy components: outgoing energy through water loss (), friction energy loss () and energy associated with water loss (). Based on a theoretical energy balance analysis of simplified pipe networks, a simple method is proposed to estimate , and with minimum data requirements: input energy, water loss ( WL ) and head loss between the source and the minimum energy point (Δ H ). By inclusion of the head loss in water networks into the estimation, the percentages of and are lower and higher, respectively, than using only the percentage of WL . The percentage of can be a function of the percentage of Δ H . By demonstrating our analysis with the simulation results from the mathematical models of 20 real water networks, the proposed method can be used to effectively estimate , and as a top-down energy balance approach.