Shape-memory topographies on nickel–titanium alloys trained by embossing and pulse electrochemical machining

The two-way shape-memory effect (TWSME) in Nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloys is of interest for applications in aerospace, biomedicine, and microengineering due to its reversible shape recovery. In this study, the authors demonstrate two approaches to obtain switchable surface structures using the TWSME. Samples are structured using two surface geometries by either cold embossing, or pulse electrochemical machining (PECM). After planarization, a change from optically smooth to structured and vice versa is observed. The switch is induced through heating and cooling the sample above and below the phase transformation temperature. The protrusions reflect the pattern applied by the two processes. Both methods are promising for preparation of switchable metallic surfaces on larger areas. ; publishedVersion