Apport de l’intelligence artificielle dans la surveillance des personnes fragiles à domicile

National audience ; The instrumentation of housing is a potential for technological and industrial developments identified for more than thirty years, which has progressively displayed several ambitions: from the idea of home automation to that of smart home. This article focuses on the securing of goods and people, particularly considering the case of “frail” people monitoring at home. Two stages of development are reminded and characterized: the nonobtrusive instrumentation of the housing, then the mixing of a coupled instrumentation of the housing and the user. The technological principles are described and it can be concluded that the technologies are ready for a wide and rapid diffusion, if the social organization agrees to meet the needs of 24 h/7 d security surveillance, with all the guarantees that it offers. The article then considers more prospectively the paths of progress that R&D is taking through the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to model the behavioral and decision-making habits of the user and their integration on a mobile phone. It could be considered, in practice, as an embedded auxiliary robot for decision support, whose function could be complementary and usefully embedded on a companion robot to exploit the capabilities of autonomous and directed mobility. ; L’instrumentation de l’habitat est un potentiel de développements technologiques et industriels identifié depuis plus de trente ans, qui a progressivement affiché plusieurs ambitions : de l’idée de domotique à celle d’habitat intelligent. Cet article s’attache au volet « sécurisation des biens et des personnes » en considérant particulièrement le cas de la nécessaire surveillance des personnes « fragiles » à domicile. Deux étapes de développements sont rappelées et caractérisées : l’instrumentation non intrusive de l’habitat, puis le mixage d’une instrumentation couplée de l’habitat et de l’usager. Les principes technologiques sont décrits et l’on peut conclure que les technologies sont prêtes pour une ...