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Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial ; Nutrients

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  • معلومة اضافية
    • بيانات النشر:
      MDPI
    • الموضوع:
      2020
    • Collection:
      VTechWorks (VirginiaTech)
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      Diet modulates gut microbiota and plays an important role in human health. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a low-fat vegan diet on gut microbiota and its association with weight, body composition, and insulin resistance in overweight men and women. We enrolled 168 participants and randomly assigned them to a vegan ( n = 84) or a control group ( n = 84) for 16 weeks. Of these, 115 returned all gut microbiome samples. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using uBiome Explorer kits. Body composition was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was quantified with the predicted clamp-derived insulin sensitivity index from a standard meal test. Repeated measure ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Body weight decreased in the vegan group (treatment effect 5.9 kg [95% CI, 7.0 to 4.9 kg]; p < 0.001), mainly due to a reduction in fat mass (3.9 kg [95% CI, 4.6 to 3.1 kg]; p < 0.001) and in visceral fat (240 cm 3 [95% CI, 345 to 135 kg]; p < 0.001). PREDIcted M, insulin sensitivity index (PREDIM) increased in the vegan group (treatment effect +0.83 [95% CI, +0.48 to +1.2]; p < 0.001). The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increased in the vegan group (+5.1% [95% CI, +2.4 to +7.9%]; p < 0.001) and correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = 0.24; p = 0.01), fat mass (r = 0.22; p = 0.02), and visceral fat (r = 0.20; p = 0.03). The relative abundance of Bacteroides fragilis decreased in both groups, but less in the vegan group, making the treatment effect positive (+18.9% [95% CI, +14.2 to +23.7%]; p < 0.001), which correlated negatively with changes in weight (r = 0.44; p < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.43; p < 0.001), and visceral fat (r = 0.28; p = 0.003) and positively with PREDIM (r = 0.36; p < 0.001), so a smaller reduction in Bacteroides fragilis was associated with a greater loss of body weight, fat mass, visceral fat, and a greater increase in insulin sensitivity. A low-fat vegan diet induced significant changes in gut ...
    • File Description:
      application/pdf
    • Relation:
      Kahleova, H.; Rembert, E.; Alwarith, J.; Yonas, W.N.; Tura, A.; Holubkov, R.; Agnello, M.; Chutkan, R.; Barnard, N.D. Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2917.; http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100079; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102917
    • الرقم المعرف:
      10.3390/nu12102917
    • الدخول الالكتروني :
      http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100079
      https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102917
    • Rights:
      Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    • الرقم المعرف:
      edsbas.5EE3153B