نبذة مختصرة : The FIERCE (Fire Integrated Environment for Risk Comprehension and Evaluation) framework is a holistic framework that provides stakeholders (authorities, tunnel safety officials, contractors, designers, …) with a tool to evaluate the safety level of a tunnel taking into account life safety, firefighter safety and expected downtime after a fire. To take into account the different scenarios including new energy carriers, the probabilistic approach allows for a strong focus on the trade-off to be made between costs and benefits of the fire safety installations. With the increase in DBFM projects and a shift in responsibility towards the contractor and/or tunnel safety officials it is clear that not only the initial investment cost is a determining factor but that also the potential costs associated with a loss of business continuity due to a tunnel closure (macro-economic impact) play a vital role in the selection of the adequate fire safety equipment. The FIERCE framework, being holistic in nature aims to take these considerations into account from the very start and offers all stakeholders an objective tool to decide on the most appropriate measures when it comes to tunnel fire safety based on financial and economic considerations. The FIERCE framework consists of three interacting layers. The first layer includes the smoke spread and occupant evacuation as well as the probabilistic treatment of boundary conditions (e.g. wind or acceptable risk). Layer two addresses firefighter intervention, fire safety measures (ventilation, suppression, …), traffic influences and fire development. The third and final layer adds a financial analysis layer to the two underlying layers. The results of the underlying layers allow an assessment of the expected level of damage (LOD) and estimate the impact of the fire on business continuity. The results of such an analysis offer a tool to decision makers to accept an optimized solution for the entire lifecycle of the tunnel.
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