Contributors: Unité Epidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance (EAS); Laboratoire de Lyon ANSES; Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Lyon-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES); Direction Générale de l'Alimentation (DGAL); Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon; VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS); Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division Saint-Maurice; Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency Saint-Maurice, France; Anti-infectieux : supports moléculaires des résistances et innovations thérapeutiques (RESINFIT); CHU Limoges-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST); Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM); Ministère de la Santé; Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy); Adaptation, mesure et évaluation en santé. Approches interdisciplinaires (APEMAC); Université de Lorraine (UL); This study was funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty through the EcoAntibio2 plan (research grant 2019-124). The funder contributed to data collection but had no role in data analysis, interpretation or communication of the results.
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Background International organisations are calling for One Health approaches to tackle antimicrobial resistance. In France, getting an overview of the current surveillance system and its level of integration is difficult due to the diversity of surveillance programmes. Aim This study aimed to map and describe all French surveillance programmes for antibiotic resistance (ABR), antibiotic use (ABU) and antibiotic residues, in humans, animals, food and the environment, in 2021. Another objective was to identify integration points, gaps and overlaps in the system. Methods We reviewed the literature for surveillance programmes and their descriptions. To further characterise programmes found, semi-directed interviews were conducted with their coordinators. Results In total 48 programmes in the human (n = 35), animal (n = 12), food (n = 3) and/or the environment (n = 1) sectors were identified; 35 programmes focused on ABR, 14 on ABU and two on antibiotic residues. Two programmes were cross-sectoral. Among the 35 ABR programmes, 23 collected bacterial isolates. Bacteria most targeted were Escherichia coli (n = 17 programmes), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 13), and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 12). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli was monitored by most ABR programmes (15 of 35) in humans, animals and food, and is a good candidate for integrated analyses. ABU indicators were highly variable. Areas poorly covered were the environmental sector, overseas territories, antibiotic-resistant-bacterial colonisation in humans and ABU in companion animals. Conclusion The French surveillance system appears extensive but has gaps and is highly fragmented. We believe our mapping will interest policymakers and surveillance stakeholders. Our methodology may inspire other countries considering One Health surveillance of ABR.
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