Enzimas lignocelulolíticas de basidiomicetos cultivados em biomassas vegetais oriundas da agroindústria do dendê e obtenção de açúcares fermentescíveis

Three vegetable residues from the palm oil industry were used as substrate for cultivation of different white rot fungi strains (basidiomycetes). The growth and production of lignocellulolytic enzymes were evaluated by solid and submerged fermentation. The enzymatic extracts obtained from fermentations were used in enzymatic hydrolysis process of pretreated sugarcane bagasse and oil palm empty bunch. Fifty-four macrofungal strains were cultivated in three formulations of oil palm biomass on Petri dishes, where 5 strains with faster and dense growth were chosen. These five macrofungal strains were cultivated in solid state fermentation and evaluated by the enzymatic activities of the extracts obtained. In these extracts, activities of laccase, peroxidase, manganese peroxidase and protease were found to be predominant. Three of the five strains were selected with predominance in oxidative activities on solid state fermentation cultures to be evaluated in submerged fermentation (monocultures) using synthetic medium supplemented with oil palm biomass. The enzymatic activities of the three basidiomycetes srtains were compared with five fungal strains frequently used in the literature. There were significant differences in function of the oxidative activities (laccase and peroxidases) and hydrolytic activities (PFase and β-glucosidases) among the tested strains. These differences were used to establish subgroups which were evaluated through the interaction in plates and cocultures in submerged fermentation. The enzymatic activities of the extracts obtained from monocultures and cocultures presented differences, with predominantly positive interactions between the three basidiomycetes and T. reesei ATCC® 60787. Monocultures and cocultures were compared as a function of the glucose release after the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by autohydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the coculture extracts obtained higher percentages (maximum value 44.7%) when compared to monocultures. An analysis of ...