Action-Oriented Representations in the Motor Control

Pezzulo (2008, 2011) and Grush (2004) contend for embodied cognitive science but interpret representations of motor behaviors as grounded on predictive internal models; those representations are referring-based. By contrast, the present paper contends that the motor control is ground on both referring-based representation (as manifest in forward models) and non-referring-based representation (as manifest in inverse models); the latter is pragmatic representation with the following six characteristics: perspective, changing perspectives, normativity of the goal, planning, coordination, and motor learning by refining inverse models. This is an internal version of the action-oriented representation.