“It made you feel like you’ve still got it”: experiences of people with chronic low back pain undertaking a single session of body image training in virtual reality

Introduction: Embodying fit avatars in virtual reality (VR) is proposed as a possible treatment for cortical body representations and pain-related self-perceptions. Objective: To explore consumer perceptions of a novel VR intervention (VR-BiT) for chronic low back pain. Methods: Adults (n = 17, mean age(SD) = 52(14)) with chronic low back pain who had undergone a single session of VR-BiT as part of a randomized controlled trial underwent a semi-structured interview using open-ended questions. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results: Data reduction identified four themes: clinically beneficial and beyond; helping and hindering use; desire for more; and individualized future. Participants experienced wide ranging effects, including improved physical self-efficacy, pain, ability to perform physical activity and psychological symptoms. The intervention was well tolerated, except for two reports of nausea, and a few participants indicating pain associated with unaccustomed movement. Most participants were motivated to use VR-BiT again, despite some having technical issues. Participants suggested that personalizing VR-BiT and regular use would be beneficial. Conclusions: There was strong consumer support for further use of VR-BiT. Future studies of VR-BiT effectiveness are warranted and should consider incorporating individual user preferences, including people with diverse pain presentations, and involving a multi-session design.