نبذة مختصرة : Herbal medicine, as defined by WHO, is finished labeled medicinal products that contain active ingredients of plants, whether in the crude state or as plant preparation. Ocimum gratissimum has been traditionally used to alleviate symptoms of illness such as stomach disorders, fever, and cough. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical, physiochemical, and comparative antibacterial activity of the methanol and n-hexane extracts of Ocimum gratissimum stems against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Proteus vulgaris. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. Physicochemical analysis was carried out, including moisture content, extractive values, and ash values. Biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, indole, and fermentation were carried out to identify the organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the susceptibility of the organisms to the various concentrations of the two extracts were determined using the agar well diffusion technique. Phytochemical screening results revealed the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, saponin, tannins, cardiac glycosides, and terpenoids. The physicochemical evaluation results confirm the quality of the crude drugs as the results obtained fall within standard ranges for the different parameters used for crude drug standardization. Susceptibility test results revealed the zones of inhibition of methanol extracts of Ocimum gratissimum stem against MRSA according to the various concentrations as (19.20, 17.33, 14.66, 14.33, 13.6, and 12.33) with MIC at 25 mg/ml while against P. vulgaris as (16.6, 16.6, 14.30, 13.6, 13 and 12.6) with MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. This study has clearly shown that the methanol extract of the stem of Ocimum gratissimum has a moderate degree of inhibition on both MRSA and P. vulgaris. However, this crude drug is seen to be slightly more effective against MRSA in comparison to its antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris. Further investigations should be conducted to develop newer and ...
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