Brazilian National Plan of Education: Mechanism for the democratization of access to higher education ; Plan Nacional de Educación Brasileño: Mecanismo de democratización del acceso a la educación superior ; Plano Nacional de Educação do Brasil: Mecanismo para a democratização do acesso à educação superior

The purpose of this essay is to reflect on the National Education Plan (PNE) as a guiding and inducing policy of actions for the democratization of higher education in the course of the recent history of Brazilian education. Therefore, through a bibliographical and documentary research, we present some conceptual principles about plan and planning; we understand the PNE from 2001 to 2010 and the PNE from 2014 to 2024 as necessary instruments to guide Brazilian education; and we problematize their implementation processes for the democratization of access to higher education in Brazil. This essay also exposes data on the evolution of higher education enrollments in the historical series from 2002 to 2019 and relates them to access policies. As a result, we assess that, despite the structural and conjunctural limits in the field of education in Brazil, it is necessary to guarantee and validate the PNE, from the perspective of aiming for quality education, education for democracy, in order to strengthen the construction of a democratic society. Furthermore, the democratization of higher education is only effective as a public policy when there is public funding to implement the actions provided in the PNE. ; El propósito de este ensayo es reflexionar sobre el Plan Nacional de Educación (PNE) como política orientadora e inductora de acciones para la democratización de la educación superior en el curso de la historia reciente de la educación brasileña. Para ello, a través de una investigación bibliográfica y documental, presentamos algunos fundamentos conceptuales sobre plan y planificación. Entendemos el PNE de 2001 a 2010 y el PNE de 2014 a 2024 como instrumentos necesarios para orientar la educación brasileña. Además, problematizamos los procesos de su implementación para la democratización del acceso a la educación superior en Brasil. Este ensayo también expone datos sobre la evolución de las matriculaciones en la enseñanza superior en la serie histórica de 2002 a 2019 y los relaciona con las políticas de acceso. ...