Contributors: Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro); Centre Collaborateur FAO/OMS pour l'épidémiologie de la leptospirose; Institut Pasteur Paris (IP); Centre National de Référence de la Leptospirose - National Reference Center Leptospirosis (CNR); Biologie des Spirochètes / Biology of Spirochetes; Faculty of Medecine, Siriraj Hospital; Mahidol University Bangkok; Unité de Virologie / Virology Unit Phnom Penh; Institut Pasteur du Cambodge; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP); Kasetsart University, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (KU); Kasetsart University Bangkok, Thailand (KU); UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA); Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement IRD : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad); Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine; NR BioDivHealth SEA (Local impacts and perceptions of global changes: health, biodiversity and zoonoses in Southeast Asia) ANR-11-CEPL-002-01; Institut Pasteur; French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS); French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA); ANR-11-CEPL-0002,BiodivHealthSEA,Impacts et perceptions locales des changements globaux : santé, biodiversité et zoonoses en Asie du Sud-Est(2011)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Leptospirosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses and has been identified as an important emerging global public health problem in Southeast Asia. Rodents are important reservoirs for human leptospirosis, but epidemiological data is lacking. We sampled rodents living in different habitats from seven localities distributed across Southeast Asia (Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia), between 2009 to 2010. Human isolates were also obtained from localities close to where rodents were sampled. The prevalence of Leptospira infection was assessed by real-time PCR using DNA extracted from rodent kidneys, targeting the lipL32 gene. Sequencing rrs and secY genes, and Multi Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on DNA extracted from rat kidneys for Leptospira isolates molecular typing. Four species were detected in rodents, L. borgpetersenii (56% of positive samples), L. interrogans (36%), L. kirschneri (3%) and L. weilli (2%), which were identical to human isolates. Mean prevalence in rodents was approximately 7%, and largely varied across localities and habitats, but not between rodent species. The two most abundant Leptospira species displayed different habitat requirements: L. interrogans was linked to humid habitats (rice fields and forests) while L. borgpetersenii was abundant in both humid and dry habitats (non-floodable lands). L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii species are widely distributed amongst rodent populations, and strain typing confirmed rodents as reservoirs for human leptospirosis. Differences in habitat requirements for L. interrogans and L. borgpetersenii supported differential transmission modes. In Southeast Asia, human infection risk is not only restricted to activities taking place in wetlands and rice fields as is commonly accepted, but should also include tasks such as forestry work, as well as the hunting and preparation of rodents for consumption, which deserve more attention in future epidemiological studies.
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