Contributors: Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang Montpellier -Université de Montpellier (UM); Etablissement français du don du sang Montpellier; Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Biocommunication en Cardio-Métabolique (BC2M); Université de Montpellier (UM); Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA); VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Université de Lyon; Jolimont veterinary clinics; Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS); Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad); Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT); Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT); Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE); Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO); École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES); Entente Interdépartementale pour la démoustication du littoral méditerranéen (EID); clinique veterinaire des Etangs; This study was funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency; reference ANR-16-IDEX-0006), the KIM RIVE initiative, the Labex EpiGenMed “Investissements d’avenir” programme (reference ANR- 10-LABX-12-01), and Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE; ArboSud project). Moreover, SG was recipient of funding from the Direction Générale de l’Alimentation from the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Horse serosurveys were funded by the French Horse and Riding Institute, IFCE, and the EPERON fund (Encouragement aux ProjetsEquestres Régionaux Ou Nationaux) (OpIUM project).; ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016); ANR-10-LABX-0012,EpiGenMed,From Genome and Epigenome to Molecular Medicine: turning new paradigms in biology into the therapeutic strategies of tomorrow(2010)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Background West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV), two closely related flaviviruses, mainly follow an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes and birds, but also infect humans and other mammals. Since 2010, their epidemiological situation may have shifted from irregular epidemics to endemicity in several European regions; this requires confirmation, as it could have implications for risk assessment and surveillance strategies. Aim To explore the seroprevalence in animals and humans and potential endemicity of WNV and USUV in Southern France, given a long history of WNV outbreaks and the only severe human USUV case in France in this region. Methods We evaluated the prevalence of WNV and USUV in a repeated cross-sectional study by serological and molecular analyses of human, dog, horse, bird and mosquito samples in the Camargue area, including the city of Montpellier, between 2016 and 2020. Results We observed the active transmission of both viruses and higher USUV prevalence in humans, dogs, birds and mosquitoes, while WNV prevalence was higher in horses. In 500 human samples, 15 were positive for USUV and 6 for WNV. Genetic data showed that the same lineages, WNV lineage 1a and USUV lineage Africa 3, were found in mosquitoes in 2015, 2018 and 2020. Conclusion These findings support existing literature suggesting endemisation in the study region and contribute to a better understanding of USUV and WNV circulation in Southern France. Our study underlines the importance of a One Health approach for the surveillance of these viruses.
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