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Drug hypersensitivity: Mechanisms and opportunities of laboratory diagnostics ; Лекарственная гиперчувствительность. Механизмы формирования и возможности лабораторной диагностики
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- المؤلفون: N. V. Bychkova; Н. В. Бычкова
- المصدر:
Medical Immunology (Russia); Том 24, № 2 (2022); 235-246 ; Медицинская иммунология; Том 24, № 2 (2022); 235-246 ; 2313-741X ; 1563-0625- الموضوع:
- نوع التسجيلة:
article in journal/newspaper- اللغة:
Russian - المصدر:
- معلومة اضافية
- بيانات النشر: SPb RAACI
- الموضوع: 2022
- Collection: Medical Immunology (E-Journal) / Медицинская иммунология
- نبذة مختصرة : Permanently increased frequency of drug hypersensitivity is observed throughout the world and continues to be of concern to clinicians of either discipline. Diagnostic problems with prevention and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions are due to different pathogenetic mechanisms that may underly similar clinical manifestations. On the other hand, clinical symptoms, response to therapy and the outcome of the disease significantly depend on clinical state of the patient. The phenotypes which are determined by clinical manifestations, and endotypes dependent on the pathogenetic mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions were specified to the purpose of personalized therapy. Two kinds of phenotypes are described: with immediate (1-6 hours) and delayed (more than 6 hours) onset of the response. Four types of hypersensitivity according to Gell and Coombs with the presence of primary sensitization are discerned between the endotypes. Moreover, interaction of drugs with immune receptors of lymphocytes, according to the Pichler’s pharmaco-immune concept, has been identified, along with quick impact of drugs directly upon receptors of effector cells and signaling cascades without primary sensitization, which was previously termed as “pseudo-allergy”. To optimize therapy and prevent repeated reactions in the patients with drug hypersensitivity, high-quality diagnostics with detection of the causal allergen is required. This strategy currently includes analysis of medical history, physical examination as well as in vivo and in vitro testing. Provocation tests are rarely used, due to the significant risk of severe adverse reactions. Skin tests are a reliable and cost-effective tool, if the case history infers possibility of IgE-dependent reactions. Among nonspecific laboratory markers, the greatest clinical value is shown for determining serum tryptase levels, especially in anaphylactic reactions. In addition to genetic testing, several specific laboratory methods are used, i.e., measuring levels of drug-specific IgE, ...
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- Relation: https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/view/2396/1518; https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/downloadSuppFile/2396/8787; https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/downloadSuppFile/2396/8788; https://www.mimmun.ru/mimmun/article/downloadSuppFile/2396/8789; Бычкова Н.В. Активация базофилов: теоретические аспекты и применение в диагностике аллергических заболеваний // Медицинская иммунология, 2021. Т. 23, № 3. С. 481-494. doi:10.15789/1563-0625-BAT-2174.; Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины в иммунопатогенезе аллергии // Российский медицинский журнал «Медицинское обозрение», 2021. № 1. С. 32-37.; Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению лекарственной аллергии // Клинические рекомендации. Аллергология и клиническая иммунология / Под ред. Хаитова Р.М., Ильиной Н.И. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2019. 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