Contributors: Technische Universität Munchen - Technical University Munich - Université Technique de Munich (TUM); German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv); Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE); Agroécologie Dijon; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté COMUE (UBFC); Institute of Agricultural Sciences Zürich; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit Szeged; Biological Research Centre Szeged (BRC); Chemistry, University of Hamburg; Institute of Food Chemistry; Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH); Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF); Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC); Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Chair of Hydrogeology, Institute for Geosciences; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena, Germany; Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL); Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE); Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD France-Sud )-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro); Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR); Écotron Européen de Montpellier; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Agroecology, DNPW; Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Faculty of Biology/Geobotany; University of Freiburg Freiburg; Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology = Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Biologie I; Leipzig University / Universität Leipzig; Department Biogeochemical Processes Jena; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies (IEU); Universität Zürich Zürich = University of Zurich (UZH); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft FOR 456, FOR 1451; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) FOR 456, FOR 1451; Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena; International Max Planck Research School for Global Biogeochemical Cycles (IMPRS-gBGC)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; In the past two decades, a large number of studies have investigated the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, most of which focussed on a limited set of ecosystem variables. The Jena Experiment was set up in 2002 to investigate the effects of plant diversity on element cycling and trophic interactions, using a multi-disciplinary approach. Here, we review the results of 15 years of research in the Jena Experiment, focussing on the effects of manipulating plant species richness and plant functional richness. With more than 85,000 measures taken from the plant diversity plots, the Jena Experiment has allowed answering fundamental questions important for functional biodiversity research. First, the question was how general the effect of plant species richness is, regarding the many different processes that take place in an ecosystem. About 45% of different types of ecosystem processes measured in the 'main experiment', where plant species richness ranged from 1 to 60 species, were significantly affected by plant species richness, providing strong support for the view that biodiversity is a significant driver of ecosystem functioning. Many measures were not saturating at the 60-species level, but increased linearly with the logarithm of species richness. There was, however, great variability in the strength of response among different processes. One striking pattern was that many processes, in particular belowground processes, took several years to respond to the manipulation of plant species richness, showing that biodiversity experiments have to be long-term, to distinguish trends from transitory patterns. In addition, the results from the Jena Experiment provide further evidence that diversity begets stability, for example stability against invasion of plant species, but unexpectedly some results also suggested the opposite, e.g. when plant communities experience severe perturbations or elevated resource availability. This highlights the need to revisit ...
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