Food studies and the integration of multiple methods

The study of food and eating draws evidence from many different disciplines using many different methods. This paper argues that this should be viewed positively; the idea that there is one best method, or suite of methods, to which every social scientist should be committed is at odds with both processes of knowledge formation and the complexity of alimentary life. Complex research questions necessitate multiple sources and methods, the greatest challenge being to fashion and to justify an integrated interpretation of different types of data. The paper examines these issues with reference to debates about the use of mixed methods, which have mostly focused on the reconciliation within a single study of quantitative and qualitative data. A broader remit is advocated, paying attention to protocols for integrating multiple methods. The argument is illustrated with reference to the design and analysis of a study which collected evidence about the activity of eating out. The paper speculates about whether deliberate and purposeful use of multiple methods may be a key to generating explanations, and ultimately theories, which transcend disciplinary boundaries.