نبذة مختصرة : In French Guiana, the diversity of the population is the result of successive waves of migratory arrivals. It is composed mainly of Amerindians, Creoles, Brown Blacks, Asians and Metropolitans in the early 1960s. It then diversified with the arrival of native immigrants from Brazil, Haiti, Guyana, Suriname or Saint Lucia. Until the 80s, the great waves of immigration to Guiana testify to the political instability in the surrounding countries: political unrest in Haiti, civil war in Suriname, social and economic problems in Guyana. Today, this territory remains an island of wealth in the heart of South America and many immigrants come to settle there for economic or family reasons. In addition, we must not forget the permeability of the borders that have made Guyana a land of migrations: two border rivers, the forest to the south and the sea to the north. The number of immigrants in the Guyanese population was stable in 1990. Subsequently, between 1990 and 1999 a decrease took place. According to INSEE in 2020, immigrants represent 30% of the population of French Guiana. This is the highest regional reception rate ahead of Île-de-France (17.6%) and Alsace (10.3%). While the origin of the immigrant population has changed over time, its profile has also changed: there are now more women than men. Apart from migratory events in this territory, precariousness also affects a good number of the population. It mainly concerns active people in precarious employment, whether immigrant or non-immigrant. According to the study report carried out jointly by the National Institute of Statistics of Economic Studies (INSEE) and the Directorate of the Environment and Housing Development in French Guiana (DEAL) in 2014 on housing, 15% to 20% of the Guyanese population does not currently have access to basic infrastructure (drinking water, electricity, telephone, housing etc.); 30% of Guyanese households in the coastal strip live in overcrowding compared to 9% in metropolitan France. Immigration, too often forgotten, not only ...
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