The Concept of Equal Opportunities. Analysis of Its Perspectives ; El concepto de igualdad de oportunidades. Análisis de sus perspectivas

The article analyzes theories that have studied the concept of equal opportunity or that have examined inequality in school. The ideas proposed by the French sociology of education represented by Pierre Bourdieu, Jean Claude Passeron, Raymond Boudon, and François Dubet are reviewed. Some ideas around access to higher education and how these proposals determine its analysis are studied. Bourdieu and Passeron study the democratization of education and how social origin is related to educational level. They also discuss why school, instead of dissipating inequalities, increases them. Boudon, on the other hand, describes from a more liberal perspective the relationship between education and the role of the individual and his or her decisions; this theory will demonstrate with large statistics the methodological individualism that investigates how family and personal decisions determine social mobility. Finally, Dubet belongs to another generation that explicitly analyzes equality of opportunities as opposed to equality of positions; in addition, he examines how societies manufacture via neoliberal policies more exclusion through academic degrees and their impact on societies. These theories help to construct a conceptualization of equal opportunities and to determine how they affect public policies in higher education and what impact they have on the reality of young people who seek educational opportunities. ; El artículo analiza teorías que han estudiado el concepto de la igualdad de oportunidades o que han examinado la desigualdad en la escuela. Se recorre la fuente propuesta por la sociología de la educación francesa representada en Pierre Bourdieu, Jean Claude Passeron, Raymond Boudon y François Dubet. Se estudian algunas ideas alrededor del acceso a la educación superior y cómo estas propuestas determinan su análisis. Bourdieu y Passeron estudian la democratización de la educación y cómo está relacionado el origen social con el nivel escolar; además, discuten por qué la escuela en lugar de disipar las ...