PROPOSTAS PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS POR INVESTIGAÇÃO A PARTIR DE OBSERVAÇÕES EM UM LICEU FRANCÊS

International audience ; This study focused on observations of Life and Earth Sciences lessons taught in a French public high school and aims to discuss the conditions necessary for the teaching of natural sciences based on research to help the students to appropriating of scientific knowledge effectively. This approach, not to be restrictive from the didactic point of view, should be supported in the practice of a hypothetico-deductive experimental type, in particular in the mediation of the use of models and the modeling, the choice content and the organization of class time. Three questions addressed to the students were always present in the didactical situations: What do you observe? What do you already know? What can we deduce? The lesson plans were developed following ten keys steps, including the problem-situation of research, the scientific debate in the classroom in order to design a resolution strategy, practical work and using or constructing models, the presentation and argumentation of the results from the students, the correction and validation of these results under the teacher's guidance and a final summary scheme. For classes with this approach to achieve their goals in the context of Brazilian education, it is essential to prepare teachers to apply them and reorganize the school environment. The good level of quality of teacher - student - knowledge interactions depends, therefore, on the effective investment in teachers training in the didactic modality of the use of models and modeling, essential to the success of natural sciences education. ; Cette étude porte sur l'observation de cours de Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre dispensés dans un lycée public français et a pour objectif de discuter des conditions nécessaires à un enseignement des sciences de la nature reposant sur des recherches visant à aider les étudiants à s'approprier les connaissances scientifiques de manière efficace. Cette approche, pour ne pas être restrictive d’un point de vue didactique, se devrait d’être soutenue par ...