Nanopartículas de plata como agente antibacteriano en infecciones óseas ; Silver nanoparticles as antibacterial agents in bone tissue infections

[EN]Bone tissue engineering is an area of increasing interest because its main applications are directly related to the rising life expectancy of the population, so innovative strategies are needed for bone tissue regeneration therapies. Advances in biomedicine and materials science are determining factors in this field, since they pursue to design new biomaterials to subsequently implant them in order to replace, repair and regenerate damaged bone tissue. Post-operative implant infections are one of the most serious complications associated with surgical treatments of bone diseases. Bacteria typically secrete polymeric materials after their association to form protective coatings known as biofilms. Biofilm further impedes the activity of the host defenses and/or antibiotic therapy, requiring surgical intervention to remove the implant as the only effective option. Silver is an antibacterial agent that could be used as a preventive measure to avoid the formation of a bacterial biofilm in implants by incorporation of metallic silver nanoparticles. The present work is focused in finding a preventive treatment of bone infection with metallic silver nanoparticles embedded. It describes their behavior as antibacterial agents and possible toxicity. ; [ES]El envejecimiento progresivo de la población y el aumento de las afecciones articulares degenerativas generan un incremento en las patologías óseas, comprometiendo al aparato locomotor. Esto da lugar a un aumento de fracturas y defectos óseos, difíciles de tratar en algunos casos. Los avances en la ciencia de materiales y la biomedicina son determinantes en este ámbito, ya que buscan diseñar nuevos biomateriales para posteriormente implantarlos con el fin de reemplazar, reparar y regenerar el tejido óseo dañado. Sin embargo, en algunas ocasiones, su aplicación clínica puede presentar varios problemas. Uno de estos problemas es la posible infección bacteriana tras la intervención quirúrgica, que generaría la formación de un biofilm. Esto puede inhibir el efecto de ...